Brent,
I'm not a WPF guru, but will try to help.
I investigated the situation on the Binding Validation sample application included in MSDN.
When you enter an invalid value in the edit box in this application, it displays the exclamation mark next to this edit box (see img1 attached). Is it the field level error that you are talking about?
I explored the application with the Object Spy and the Object Browser. I noticed that when an error of this kind occurs, the object tree in the Object Browser panel contains specific objects (see img2). These objects aren't present if the error does not occur. So, you can check whether these objects are present to verify whether an error occurred. (You can use code like ...WPFObject("AdornerPlayer", "", 1).WPFObject("TemplatedAdorner", "", 1).Exist).
The control displaying the error symbol is a composite control. To get the error text, you need to modify project properties so that TestComplete recognizes that control as a composite WPF component:
* Right-click the project node in Project Explorer and select Edit | Properties from the context menu. This will invoke the project properties editor.
* In the editor, select the Open Applications | WPF category on the left.
* Click Add to append a new entry to the Composite controls list.
* Enter Control into the Class name cell and select the Active check box.
* Save the changes.
Now, in the Object Browser, you will see child controls and the one that provides access to the error text (see img3, pay attention to the object with "!" in the caption).
I hope this helps.