Additional parameter causing Exception

If this is JS you can just work with objects. 

a function that takes in a vehicle. You can come up with a spec for the object itself, and and have the function takes in the object and check if the object has certain properties. 

Below, a car has 2 properties while a bike only has one. But the function takes care of both cases. It simply check if the vehicle you passed it has an engine...

function upgradeVehicle(vehicle) {
    vehicle.speed ++
    if (vehicle.engine) {
       vehicle.engine === "V8"
    }
}

let bicycle = { 
   speed : 1
} 

let car = {
   speed : 4,
   engine : "oldrustyengine"
}

upgradeVehicle(bicycle) // bicycle.speed == 2
upgradeVehicle(car) // car.speed == 5 ; car.engine == "V8"