Test Case Columns

Yes, If you select "Detail" view (top left above the test steps) you'll have additional columns. To create custom fields, you'll need to add those in the "manage apps" section of jira. Here's the documentation on both: 

Test steps - https://support.smartbear.com/zephyr-squad-cloud/docs/tests/view-and-modify.html 

Customizations - https://support.smartbear.com/zephyr-squad-cloud/docs/configure/test-execution-and-step-status.html